Subjects signed a written study commitment agreement explaining the number of visits, outcome measures, and focus on weight, percent body fat, and cardiac risk measures. Written informed consent was obtained, and all subjects received $150 for their participation. The study protocol and consent form were approved by the Griffin Hospital (Derby, CT) Institutional Review Board and the Yale University (New Haven, CT) Human Investigation Committee. In addition, percent body fat was recorded via bioelectrical impedance using the Bio Analogics ELGII Health Management System (HMS A urine pregnancy test for human chorionic gonadotropin was performed on female patients to ascertain nonpregnant status at baseline. Those meeting initial prescreening criteria ( n = 156) underwent clinical screening examination consisting of height, weight, BMI, blood pressure, and waist–hip measurements and blood profiles inclusive of lipid panel (total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein and triglycerides), comprehensive metabolic panel, fasting plasma glucose, fasting insulin, C-reactive protein, and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2).
Chromium polynicotinate walmart trial#
This trial was designed to assess the effects of chromium picolinate supplementation alone and combined with a nutrition education intervention on weight loss in both men and women, and to assess any effects attributable to anthropometry (body fat distribution). 26Ī meta-analysis of 10 double-blind, placebo-controlled trials provides evidence of a relatively small reduction in body weight (1.1–1.2 kg over 10–13 weeks) in overweight and obese individuals receiving chromium picolinate.
25 Body fat distribution is related to insulin sensitivity peripheral fat is more insulin sensitive than central fat found in the chest and abdomen. 24 Some reports suggest that chromium could suppress appetite and stimulate thermogenesis through sensitization of insulin-sensitive glucoreceptors in the brain. 20 This complex of molecules found in high amounts in brewer's yeast and other foods functions synergistically to potentiate the effects of insulin 21– 23 by increasing insulin binding to cells, upregulating receptors, and improving affinity. 19Ĭhromium has been thought to be the active ingredient in glucose tolerance factor, a complex of molecules that includes glycine, cysteine, glutamic acid, nicotinic acid, and chromium. 18 Purported benefits of supplementation include increased lean body mass, decreased body fat, and greater resting energy expenditure. 12Ĭhromium is an essential trace element and nutritional supplement that has garnered interest for use as a weight loss aid. Food and Drug Administration in 2004 due to safety concerns. 16 A notable exception is ephedra, found to be an effective weight loss aid, 17 though banned from the market by the U.S.
A 2004 systematic review concluded that the evidence for most dietary supplements as aids in reducing body weight is inconclusive.
13– 15ĭespite the growing consumer market for use of dietary supplements, efficacy in weight loss remains unsubstantiated. 12 Sports nutrition and weight loss supplements accounted for approximately 27% of total sales. The Nutrition Business Journal reported that supplement sales grew from $8.6 to $23.7 billion between 19. 10, 11 Considering the health consequences of obesity, there is a growing need for safe and effective aids to weight loss. 4 A strong relationship exists between BMI and all-cause mortality 5, 6 obesity contributes substantially to cardiovascular risk, 7– 9 and excess body weight is a potent risk factor for most cancers. 1– 3 The health consequences of obesity are well characterized. O ver 65% of adults in the United States are overweight or obese, defined as a body mass index (BMI) at or above 25 or 30 kg/m 2, respectively.
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